Avaliação de crianças atendidas em follow-up: perfil epidemiológico e motor / Evaluation of children at follow-up: epidemiological and motor profile

Introdução: Crianças prematuras tendem a apresentar atrasos no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor devido à imaturidade e à propensão de lesões no sistema nervoso central. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico e motor de crianças atendidas no follow-up da Maternidade Balbina Mestrinho (MBM) em Manaus/AM, verificando a associação entre diferentes fatores socioambientais e clínicos com o desenvolvimento motor (DM). Métodos: Foram avaliadas 25 crianças acompanhadas no follow-up da MBM, por meio da Escala Motora Infantil de Alberta e aplicação de questionário estruturado contendo dados clínicos e epidemiológicos. Resultados: Foi detectado que todas as crianças eram prematuras e 44% apresentaram atipicidade no DM, relacionada principalmente a idade corrigida (p=0,015) e ao grau de escolaridade materna ( p=0,019). Conclusão: O elevado índice de atipicidade no DM pode estar associado ao perfil amostral, cuja prematuridade infere em fragilidade de seus sistemas. Assim, sugere-se que maiores investigações sejam realizadas, a fim de relacionar outros fatores com o DM.

Introduction: Premature children tend to have neuropsychomotor development delays due to immature and propensity of lesions in the central nervous system. Objective: To describe the epidemiological and motor profile of children attended in the follow-up of Maternity Hospital Balbina Mestrinho in Manaus/AM, identifying possible motor development delays and correlating them with risk factors. Methods: 25 premature child were evaluated through the Alberta Infant Motor Scale and a structured questionnaire was used with clinical and epidemiological data from the child and parentes. Results: It was detected that 44% of the children presented atipical motor development, related to age corrected (p=0,015) and the degree of maternal schooling (p=0,019). Conclusion: The high index in atypical motor development can be associated whit the sample profile, whose the prematurity infers in the fragility of its systems. Thus, it is suggested that further investigations be performed in order to relate other factors to motor development.

Endotracheal suctioning in intubated newborns: an integrative literature review.

Evidence-based practices search for the best available scientific evidence to support problem solving and decision making. Because of the complexity and amount of information related to health care, the results of methodologically sound scientific papers must be integrated by performing literature reviews. Although endotracheal suctioning is the most frequently performed invasive procedure in intubated newborns in neonatal intensive care units, few Brazilian studies of good methodological quality have examined this practice, and a national consensus or standardization of this technique is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review secondary studies on the subject to establish recommendations for endotracheal suctioning in intubated newborns and promote the adoption of best-practice concepts when conducting this procedure. An integrative literature review was performed, and the recommendations of this study are to only perform endotracheal suctioning in newborns when there are signs of tracheal secretions and to avoid routinely performing the procedure. In addition, endotracheal suctioning should be conducted by at least two people, the suctioning time should be less than 15 seconds, the negative suction pressure should be below 100 mmHg, and hyperoxygenation should not be used on a routine basis. If indicated, oxygenation is recommended with an inspired oxygen fraction value that is 10 to 20% greater than the value of the previous fraction, and it should be performed 30 to 60 seconds before, during and 1 minute after the procedure. Saline instillation should not be performed routinely, and the standards for invasive procedures must be respected.

Aspiração endotraqueal em recém-nascidos intubados: uma revisão integrativa da literatura / Endotracheal suctioning in intubated newborns: an integrative literature review

RESUMOA prática baseada em evidências se baseia na busca da melhor evidência científica disponível para fundamentar a solução de um problema e a tomada de decisão. Devido à complexidade e à quantidade de informações na área da saúde, há necessidade de integração dos artigos científicos de boa qualidade metodológica disponíveis partindo da revisão da literatura. Mesmo a aspiração endotraqueal sendo o procedimento invasivo mais realizado em recém-nascidos intubados em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatais, poucos são os estudos brasileiros de boa qualidade metodológica que fundamentam essa prática, não havendo consenso ou padronização da técnica nacionalmente. Em virtude do exposto, o objetivo do estudo foi revisar os estudos secundários sobre o assunto para estabelecer recomendações sobre a aspiração endotraqueal em recém-nascidos intubados, favorecendo a adoção do conceito de boas práticas na realização desse procedimento. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A recomendação deste estudo é de que a aspiração endotraqueal em recém- nascidos seja realizada apenas quando houver sinais de secreção traqueal, não devendo ser realizada rotineiramente; que seja realizada por, no mínimo, duas pessoas; que o tempo de aspiração seja inferior a 15 segundos e a pressão de sucção inferior a 100mmHg negativos; que a hiperoxigenação não seja utilizada de maneira rotineira. Se indicada, é recomendada a oxigenação com fração inspirada de oxigênio 10 - 20% maior que a anterior, 30 - 60 segundos antes, durante e 1 minuto após o procedimento. Não deve ser realizada a instilação de solução salina rotineiramente e as normas para procedimentos invasivos devem ser respeitadas.

ABSTRACTEvidence-based practices search for the best available scientific evidence to support problem solving and decision making. Because of the complexity and amount of information related to health care, the results of methodologically sound scientific papers must be integrated by performing literature reviews. Although endotracheal suctioning is the most frequently performed invasive procedure in intubated newborns in neonatal intensive care units, few Brazilian studies of good methodological quality have examined this practice, and a national consensus or standardization of this technique is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review secondary studies on the subject to establish recommendations for endotracheal suctioning in intubated newborns and promote the adoption of best-practice concepts when conducting this procedure. An integrative literature review was performed, and the recommendations of this study are to only perform endotracheal suctioning in newborns when there are signs of tracheal secretions and to avoid routinely performing the procedure. In addition, endotracheal suctioning should be conducted by at least two people, the suctioning time should be less than 15 seconds, the negative suction pressure should be below 100 mmHg, and hyperoxygenation should not be used on a routine basis. If indicated, oxygenation is recommended with an inspired oxygen fraction value that is 10 to 20% greater than the value of the previous fraction, and it should be performed 30 to 60 seconds before, during and 1 minute after the procedure. Saline instillation should not be performed routinely, and the standards for invasive procedures must be respected.